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HomeSafe User’s Guide
Wireless Security 7-7
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and
distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message
Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing
rules, and a re-keying mechanism.
TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never
used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then
sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate
unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated
between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data
packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in
which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not
match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decode data on a Wi-Fi
network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA-PSK susceptible to brute-force
password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-use,
consistent, single, alphanumeric password.
7.5.3 WPA-PSK Application Example
A WPA-PSK application looks as follows.
1. First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must
consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).
2. The AP checks each client’s password and (only) allows it to join the network if it matches its
password.
3. The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients.
4. The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between
them.
Figure 7-5 WPA - PSK Authentication
- HS-100 / HS-100W 1
- Copyright 2
- (FCC) Interference Statement 3
- Caution 4
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 5
- Customer Support 6
- Table of Contents 7
- List of Figures 13
- List of Figures xv 15
- List of Figures xvii 17
- List of Tables 19
- List of Tables xxi 21
- Preface 23
- Syntax Conventions 24
- Graphics Icons Key 24
- Preface xxv 25
- Getting Started 26
- Chapter 1 28
- Table 1-1 IEEE 802.11b 29
- Table 1-2 IEEE 802.11g 30
- Chapter 2 34
- 2.4 Step 2 : WLAN Setup 35
- 2.10 Resetting the HomeSafe 54
- 2.11 HomeSafe Main Menu 54
- Table 2-17 Screens Summary 55
- Chapter 3 58
- Connection Wizard 58
- 3.5.1 Ethernet 61
- 3.5.2 PPPoE Encapsulation 62
- 3.5.3 PPTP Encapsulation 64
- 3.6.4 WAN MAC Address 66
- 3.7 Basic Setup Complete 68
- Chapter 4 72
- System Screens 72
- 4.3 Dynamic DNS 73
- 4.4 Configuring Dynamic DNS 73
- System Screens 4-3 74
- Figure 4-2 SYSTEM : DDNS 74
- Table 4-2 SYSTEM : DDNS 74
- 4.5 Configuring Password 75
- 4.6 Configuring Time Setting 75
- System Screens 4-5 76
- 4-6 System Screens 77
- Chapter 5 78
- LAN Screens 78
- 5.4 Any IP 79
- 5.4.1 How Any IP Works 80
- 5.5 Configuring IP 81
- LAN Screens 5-5 82
- Table 5-1 LAN : IP 82
- 5.6 Configuring Static DHCP 83
- 5.7 Configuring IP Alias 84
- 5-8 LAN Screens 85
- Table 5-3 LAN : IP Alias 85
- Chapter 6 86
- 6.1.3 ESS 87
- 6.2 Wireless LAN Basics 88
- 6.3 Configuring Wireless 89
- 6.4 Configuring Roaming 90
- Figure 6-7 WLAN : Roaming 92
- Table 6-2 WLAN : Roaming 92
- Chapter 7 94
- Wireless Security 94
- 7-2 Wireless Security 95
- 7.3 WEP Overview 96
- 7.3.3 Preamble Type 97
- Wireless Security 7-5 98
- 7.5 Introduction to WPA 99
- WPA - PSK Authentication 100
- HomeSafe User’s Guide 101
- 7-8 Wireless Security 101
- 7-10 Wireless Security 103
- Figure 7-8 Wireless: WPA 103
- 7.9 802.1x Overview 104
- Wireless Security 7-13 106
- 7-14 Wireless Security 107
- Wireless Security 7-15 108
- 7.13 Configuring 802.1x 109
- 7.14 MAC Filter 110
- DESCRIPTION 111
- Wireless Security 7-19 112
- 7.18 Configuring RADIUS 114
- 7-22 Wireless Security 115
- Figure 7-15 WLAN : RADIUS 115
- Table 7-11 WLAN : RADIUS 115
- Wireless Security 7-23 116
- Figure 8-1 WAN : Route 118
- Table 8-1 WAN : Route 119
- 8.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation 120
- 8.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation 121
- WAN 8-5 122
- 8.5 Configuring WAN IP 123
- Table 8-5 WAN : IP 124
- Figure 8-6 WAN : MAC Setup 125
- 8.7 Traffic Redirect 126
- The screen appears as shown 127
- WAN 8-11 128
- SUA/NAT and Static Route 129
- Chapter 9 131
- Screens 131
- 9.1.3 How NAT Works 132
- 9.1.4 NAT Application 132
- 9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types 133
- 9.2 Using NAT 134
- 9.3 SUA Server 134
- NAT Screens 9-5 135
- 9.4 Configuring SUA Server 136
- NAT Screens 9-7 137
- Figure 9-4 SUA/NAT Setup 137
- Table 9-4 SUA/NAT Setup 137
- 9-8 NAT Screens 138
- Figure 9-5 Address Mapping 138
- Table 9-5 Address Mapping 138
- 9.6 Trigger Port Forwarding 139
- 9-10 NAT Screens 140
- NAT Screens 9-11 141
- Figure 9-8 Trigger Port 141
- Table 9-7 Trigger Port 141
- Chapter 10 143
- Static Route Screens 143
- NAT Screens 10-3 145
- Chapter 11 147
- Chapter 12 155
- Parental Control 155
- Parental Control 12-3 157
- Internet 157
- Parental Control 12-7 161
- 12-8 Parental Control 162
- Parental Control 12-9 163
- 12-10 Parental Control 164
- Parental Control 12-11 165
- See the Customizing Keyword 166
- HomeSafe checks 166
- 12.8 Parental Control Edit 167
- 12-14 Parental Control 168
- Table 12-4 Services 168
- Parental Control 12-15 169
- Chapter 13 175
- Firewall 175
- 13.3.1 LAN-to-WAN rules 177
- 13.4 Services 178
- HomeSafe User’s Guide 179
- Firewall 13-5 179
- Table 13-2 Firewall: Service 179
- 13-6 Firewall 180
- Remote Management 181
- Chapter 14 183
- Remote Management Screens 183
- 14.2 Configuring WWW 184
- 14.3 Configuring Telnet 185
- 14.4 Configuring TELNET 185
- 14.5 Configuring FTP 186
- 14.6 SNMP 187
- 14.6.1 Supported MIBs 189
- 14.6.2 SNMP Traps 189
- 14.6.3 Configuring SNMP 189
- 14.7 Configuring DNS 191
- 14.8 Configuring Security 192
- VPN Screens 14-1 195
- Logs and Maintenance 196
- Chapter 15 197
- Centralized Logs 197
- 15.2 Log Settings 198
- Logs 15-3 199
- Figure 15-2 Log Settings 199
- Table 15-2 Log Settings 199
- 15-4 Logs 200
- Chapter 16 201
- Maintenance 201
- 16.3 DHCP Table Screen 203
- 16.4 Any IP Table 204
- 16.5 Association List 204
- 16.6 F/W Upload Screen 205
- 16.7 Configuration Screen 206
- Maintenance 16-7 207
- 16.8 Restart Screen 209
- Chapter 17 212
- Introducing the SMT 212
- HomeSafe 213
- ? > or ChangeMe 214
- Chapter 18 216
- Menu 1 General Setup 216
- 18-4 Menu 1 General Setup 219
- Chapter 19 220
- Menu 2 WAN Setup 220
- Chapter 20 222
- Menu 3 LAN Setup 222
- Menu 3 LAN Setup 20-3 224
- 20.3.1 IP Alias Setup 225
- 20.4 Wireless LAN Setup 226
- Enter “0x” before the key to 227
- Chapter 21 232
- Internet Access 232
- 21.5 Basic Setup Complete 235
- Chapter 22 236
- Remote Node Configuration 236
- 22.2.2 PPPoE Encapsulation 238
- 22.2.3 PPTP Encapsulation 239
- 22.3 Edit IP 240
- 22.4 Remote Node Filter 241
- Chapter 23 244
- Static Route Setup 244
- 23-2 Static Route Setup 245
- Chapter 24 246
- Dial-in User Setup 246
- Chapter 25 248
- 25.3 NAT Setup 249
- 25.3.1 Address Mapping Sets 250
- 25.5 General NAT Examples 254
- NAT 25-13 260
- Chapter 26 262
- Enabling the Firewall 262
- Chapter 27 264
- Filter Configuration 264
- Filter Rule 265
- Filter Set 265
- Filter Configuration 27-7 270
- 27.3 Example Filter 272
- 27.4 Filter Types and NAT 274
- 27.6 Applying a Filter 275
- Chapter 28 278
- SNMP Configuration 278
- 28.2 Supported MIBs 279
- 28.3 SNMP Configuration 279
- 28.4 SNMP Traps 280
- Chapter 29 282
- System Security 282
- 29.1.3 802.1x 283
- Chapter 30 286
- 30.2 System Information 288
- 30.3 Log and Trace 289
- 30.4 Diagnostic 291
- 30.4.1 WAN DHCP 292
- Chapter 31 294
- 31.2 Backup Configuration 295
- 31.2.4 GUI-based FTP Clients 296
- ) WARNING! 297
- 31.4.5 TFTP File Upload 300
- Chapter 32 302
- System Maintenance 302
- 32.2 Call Control Support 303
- 32.2.2 Call History 304
- 32.3 Time and Date Setting 305
- 32.3.1 Resetting the Time 306
- Chapter 33 308
- 33-2 Remote Management 309
- Chapter 34 310
- Call Scheduling 310
- 34-2 Call Scheduling 311
- Appendices and Index 313
- Appendix A 315
- Troubleshooting 315
- Appendix B 317
- Appendix C 319
- PPTP Protocol Overview 320
- Appendix D 323
- Log Descriptions 323
- Log Commands 326
- Displaying Logs 327
- Log Command Example 327
- Appendix E 329
- Properties 330
- Windows 2000/NT/XP 332
- Macintosh OS 8/9 336
- Macintosh OS X 337
- Appendix F 339
- Appendix G 343
- Appendix H 345
- Types of EAP Authentication 345
- Appendix I 347
- Recommendation 347
- Positioning Antennas 348
- Appendix J 349
- Protection 349
- Appendix K 351
- Triangle Route 351
- Gateways on the WAN Side 352
- Appendix L 353
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